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^HE  EVOLUTIOiK  OF 
DEmOCRACY 


By 
WILLIAM  JOH^  MEREDITH 


THE  EVOLUTION 
OF  DEMOCRACY 


By 

WILLIAM  JOHiNi  MEREDITH 

Vice-Principal      Montezuma      Mountain      Ranch 

School  For  Boys,  Author  of  "In  The  Love 

Of  Nature,"     "Our  Own    Kind    Of 

Folks."   "The  Margin  of  Life," 

Etc.,   Etc. 


"^^i^a 


Published  by 

THE    PEOPLE'S    INSTITUTE 

Los  Gatos,  California 

1916 


^M. 


C\:-, 


1^00 


..^l 


The  Conference  Sunday 
Lectureship 

The  I'irst  Kaptist  Church  of  Los  Galos,  Cali- 
fornia, Rol)ert  AMiitakcr,  Minister,  in  the  month 
of  June,  1*^4,  which  was  the  Fifth  .Anniversary 
of  the  present  pastorate,  began  the  observance 
of  what  is  known  as  "CONFERENCE  SUN- 
DAY." This  was  held  on  the  last  Sunday  of  the 
month,  and  each  month's  last  Sunday  since  has 
been  set  apart  for  a  like  observance,  with  a  sliglit 
variation  since  Christmas  time  of  1915. 

On  Conference  Sunday  the  Sunday  School 
meets  as  usual,  at  10  a.  m.,  and  the  regular 
preaching  service  is  held  at  11  a.  m.  After  this 
service,  at  which  the  pastor  commoidy  ]:reaches, 
the  congregation  sit  (h^wn  to  a  common  meal, 
which  is  a  sort  of  new  observance  of  the  "Lord's 
Supper"  among  us,  prcjbably  much  more  like  that 
which  Jesus  had  in  mind  for  I  lis  memorial  than 
the  more  formal  obser\-ance  of  the  Communion 
Ser\ice  \\-hich  for  many  reasons  we  still  main- 
tain. 


Following  the  common  meal  certain  lectures 
have  been  griven  in  the  early  afternoon  hours. 
The  pastor  gave  for  a  time  a  course  on  "The 
Moral  Values  Of  Great  Literature."  Professor 
TT.  D.  I'rasefield.  now  of  Palo  Alto,  gave  a  course 
on  "Zaology."  a  word  which  he  himself  coined 
to  express  "the  science  of  right  living."  And 
Professor  ^^^  J.  Meredith  of  the  Montezuma 
Mountain  Ranch  School  For  Pioys  at  Los  Gatos, 
gave  a  course  on  "The  Evolution  of  Democracy." 
Onlv  the  last  named  course  has  been  main- 
tained throughout  the  months  since  Conference 
Sundav  began.  Professor  Brasefield  by  reason 
of  his  non-residence  with  us,  and  the  pastor  by 
reason  of  excess  of  other  work  thought  it  best  to 
discontinue  their  classes,  and  to  consolidate  the 
afternoon  audience  in  one  class  under  Professor 
Meredith. 

The  concluding  lecture  in  Professor  Meredith's 
course  was  given  on  Sunday  morning,  January  2, 
1916,  instead  of  on  the  afternoon  of  the  Sunday 
preceding,  which  was  Christmas  Sunday.  It  was 
in  the  nature  of  a  summary  and  review  of  the  en- 
tire course,  which  had  proven  to  be  of  such  rare 
value  there  were  many  who  expressed  the  desire 

4 


to  see  the  lectures  in  print.  This  not  being  prac- 
ticable with  respect  to  all  the  eighteen  lectures, 
chiefly  for  lack  of  funds,  it  was  agreed  that  the 
final  lecture  should  be  set  forth  in  some  simple 
but  worthy  form.  Through  the  kindness  of  a 
friend  we  are  able  to  present  this  lecture  here- 
with. As  an  indication  of  the  kind  of  work  which 
we  are  doing,  as  a  token  of  the  very  large  value 
of  the  particular  course  of  which  it  is  at  the  best 
but  a  summary  and  a  partial  review,  and  finally 
as  a  suggestion  of  the  reasons  why  our  people 
have  steadfastly  grown  in  enthusiastic  apprecia- 
tion of  the  exceedingly  fine  quality  of  Professor 
Meredith's  work  among  us,  this  lecture  is  sent 
out  in  the  sure  confidence  that  all  who  read  it 
carefully  will  be  of  one  mind  with  us  in  the  high 
estimate  which  w^e  have  formed  of  the  author's 
capacity  both  to  see  and  say  beyond  the  ordinary 
measure  of  thinkers  and  speakers  today.  There 
are  whole  volumes  in  this  single  lecture,  if  the 
reader  will  but  read  with  open  eyes,  and  will  fol- 
low the  intimations  which  are  given  here.  Well 
read,  and  carefully  considered  this  little  book  will 
prove  an  education  in  itself. 

ROBERT  WHITAKER. 


The  Evolution 
of  T)emocracy 


F'TER  I  had  announced  the  title  of  this 
lecture  course  a  year  and  a  half  ago,  I 
found  it  necessary  to  build  a  comprehen- 
sive definition,  first  of  all, — to  indicate  the  extent, 
loi^ical  trend  and  limitations  of  the  subject  as  I 
meant  to  treat  it.  Naturally  a  two-fold  aspect 
was  suggested,  evolution,  a  slow  growth,  unfold- 
ing and  adaptation  to  changing  conditions ;  de- 
mocracy, a  political  organization  or  set  of  insti- 
tutions, making  effective  the  rule  of  the  freely 
expressed  will  of  the  majority,  a  government  of 
the  peoj^le — deriving  all  its  powers  from  the  con- 

7 


l^M. 


sent  of  the  governed — administered  for  the  good 
of  all  the  people,  by  the  chosen  servants  of  the 
people  supported  by  the  enlightened  public  opin- 
ion of  the  whole  community  or  commonwealth  or 
nation. 

J  phrased  this  definition,  you  remember,  as 
follows  : 

The  Evolution  of  Democracy  is  to  be 
thought  of  as  that  slow  growth,  change 
and  adaptation  of  personal  relations,  tribal 
customs,  traditions  and  ancient  racial  ten- 
dencies, which  have  developed  into  our 
present  highest  ideals  of  self-government 
as  social  beings. 

Let  me  direct  your  attention  to  the  fact  that 
democracy  as  defined  above  includes  no  such  ab- 
surdity as  a  ruling  class,  not  even  the  domination 
of  ''natural  leaders,"  ''aristocracy  of  brains  or  of 
virtue."  "born  kings  of  men,"  or  any  other  out- 
grown catchword  once  used  to.  justify  personal 
despotism.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  that  per- 
nicious dogma  of  privilege  so  often  expressed  in 
the  phrase,  "conserving  the  rights  of  the  minor- 
ity," as  if  the  minority  could  ever  have  a  right 
that  w^as  not  included  in  the  rights  of  all.  secured 
and  guarded  by  the  Avill  of  the  majority.     The 


phrase  itself  argues  a  total  misconception  of  the 
meaning  of  democracy.  For  the  only  security 
that  any  human  right  can  have,  or  claim,  is  the 
enlightened  sense  of  justice  possessed  by  the  ma- 
jority. In  a  democracy  every  reform  must  wait 
imtil  by  argument,  experience,  suffering  and  the 
wear  of  time  the  majority  is  brought  to  a  free 
consent.  Anything  else  means  deception,  con- 
spiracy and  downright  usurpation,  as  short- 
sighted as  it  is  vicious,  for  in  a  rational  universe, 
as  we  must  concede  this  to  be,  no  lasting  good 
can  ever  come  from  any  form  of  dishonesty  or 
violation  of  natural  law. 

The  old  aristocratic  doctrine  that  the  masses 
can  never  be  safely  trusted  with  actual  govern- 
ment but  must  always  be  cajoled,  and  cozened 
and  ruled  for  their  own  good  by  the  well-born, 
the  well-educated  and  the  well-to-do,  is  itself 
based,  first,  on  a  misinterpretation  of  actual  ex- 
perience, and,  secondly,  on  a  selfish  egotism;  for 
if  I  can  show  that  the  mass  of  mankind  is  stupid 
and  vicious,  does  not  that  prove  my  own  supe- 
riority and  right  to  control  them — and  take  from 
them  a  tribute  as  compensation  for  my  beneficent 
^guardian.ship?     Which  is  only  another  statement 

9 


of  the  divine  right  of  kings  to  exploit  and  phmder 
their  subjects. 

Now  no  honestly  observant  person  wouhl 
claim  that  man  anywhere  has  thus  far  done  better 
than  to  approximate  democracy.  It  is  still  (uir 
ideal,  and  no  man  has  yet  imagined  an}-  ])olitical 
good  beyond  it.  At  present  we  need  nothing 
lievond  it  to  spur  us  onward  along"  the  path  of 
human  betterment.  It  is  and  must  be  the'  domi- 
nant idea  of  all  enlightened  humanity. 

The  thing  that  most  amazes  a  thinker  is  that 
men  should  still  blindly  and  ignorantly  pursue 
the  traditional  struggle  for  selfish  individual  gain, 
when  the  very  existence  and  security  of  individ- 
ual possession  must  rest  solely  on  the  tolerance 
and  cooperation  of  others.  It  would  seem  that 
the  most  elementary  thinking  and  observation 
would  convince  even  the  least  discerning  that  it 
is  not  by  competition  that  man  has  risen,  and 
that  the  greatest  possible  individual  good  can 
come  only  from  the  widest  possible  cooperation. 
Everyday  experience  shows  that  man  instinc- 
ti\-cly  turns  to  corporate,  community  and  govern- 
ment cooperation  to  accomplish  that  which  he 
cannot  do  alone. 

10 


.Mil 


The  continual  struggle  of  the  lone  individual 
for  ( arthlv  possessions  to  insure  his  freedom  and 
i^exibility  in  life  is  such  an  absurdly  pathetic 
waste  of  human  endeavor  that  the  angels  must 
\vee]i  over  it.  Xo  one  who  has  ever  glimpsed  a 
better  way.  can  ever  be  again  content  to  worship 
at  the  shrine  of  so  shallow  and  heartless  a  faith 
as  laissez  faire.  (See  Webster's  International.) 

Xo,  democratic  cooperation  is  really  the  law 
of  all  evolution.  The  survival  of  the  fittest  does 
r.ot  mean  the  triumph  of  the  fighter  or  the  plun- 
derer, but  of  the  fittest  cooperator  with  his  kind 
and  with  the  other  kindly  things  of  the  universe. 
When  the  last  king  and  priest  and  lawyer  are  a 
curious  historical  memory,  man  will  still  be  pa- 
tiently climbing  toward  a  more  perfect  co-part- 
nership, just  as  when  the  last  lion,  tiger,  wolf  and 
hvena  are  stuffed  specimens  in  a  museum,  the 
bees  and  cattle  and  useful  fowls  will  multiply  in 
countless  multitudes  in  kindly  cooperation  with 
man. 

The  purpose  of  the  course  was  to  follow  step 
bv  step  the  arduous  climb  of  man  to  political  self- 
ex]jrcssion  in  the  form  of  government  we  now 
enjoy  here  in  California,  l'.  S.  A.     For  men  have 

11 


g"ot  so  in  the  way  of  accepting  things,  customs, 
institutions,  as  if  they  were  the  iuichang"eably 
perfect  revelation  of  Divine  x\uthority.  that  we 
neglect  the  historical  background,  the  unques- 
tionable \)V()oi  that  all  scjcial,  poHtical  and  reli- 
gious systems  are  but  the  slowly  developed  re- 
sults of  our  human  experience,  venerable  only  as 
they  have  long  ministered  to  human  good. 

From  the  savage  hunter  who  must  wrest  from 
hostile  nature  the  satisfaction  of  every  want,  thro 
the  Avandering  herdsman  seeking  grass  and 
water,  the  rude  husbandman  defending  his  little 
plot  of  cultivated  river  valley,  the  first  town-dwel- 
lers  around  the  base  of  a  natural  hill  fort,  the 
little  city  state  emerging  by  consolidation  into  a 
kingdom,  expanding  by  conquest  into  a  short- 
lived empire,  developing  personal  despotism,  the 
"divine  right  of  monarchy,"  feudal  vassalage, 
commercial  inter-communication  with  other 
lands  and  cultures,  specialization  of  industry, 
trade  guilds,  royal  charters,  city  republics, 
banking  and  exchange,  travel  and  exploration, 
diets  and  parliaments,  ministries  and  constitu- 
tions, revolutions  and  plebiscites,  elections  and 
congresses. — at  last  we  come  to  the  birth  of  the 

12 


<;reat  Republic,  the  American  Experiment  still 
watched  with  anxious  interest  or  critical  skepti- 
cism by  the  old  world. 

\\>  have  studied  the  emigration  hither  of 
English  adventurers  and  ncm-conformists,  their 
re-enforcement  by  refugees  from  all  lands ;  we 
have  watched  the  g;ermination  and  growth  of 
colonial  self-g-overnment,  the  federation  of  jeal- 
ous and  often  hostile  colonies  mider  the  pressure 
of  a  common  dang-er  to  their  liberties,  their 
secession  from  the  British  Em])ire,  the  working 
out  of  state  constitutions  and  partial  overthrow 
of  traditional  privilege  ;  subordination  of  the  com- 
monwealths to  national  congress,  executive  and 
court,  the  displacement  of  the  first  aristocratic, 
centralized  interpretation  of  the  Union  by  a  dem- 
ocratic ideal  which,  with  temporary  setbacks  has, 
— largely  thro  the  influence  of  Western  expan- 
sion,- l)ecome  the  accepted  program  of  our  na- 
tional progress  and  destiny. 

We  must  make  an  end.  Not  that  the  subject 
of  study  has  been  exhausted  or  can  ever  fail  in 
interest  so  long  as  man  feels  a  passion  for  human 
[)elterment,  but  time  and  other  duties  ])ress  upon 
us. 

13 


iM. 


What  of  the  present  status  of  clemocracy.  an(] 
what  is  the  province  of  the  future? 

Since  Jefferson's  day  we  have  overflowed  the 
mountains,  tilled  the  national  domain  to  the  Mis- 
sissii)pi,  filled  the  great  Louisiana  Purchase 
which  doubled  the  area  of  the  "Old  Thirteen;'" 
by  conquest,  purchase  and  negotiation  we  have 
stretched  our  borders  from  the  gulfs  to  the  Great 
Lakes,  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  shores  of 
the  Sundown  Sea,  have  passed  the  floods  and 
possessed  the  isles  of  the  main;  we  have  added 
thirty-one  new  members  to  the  galaxy  of  the 
states;  we  have  ended  forever  the  mad  folly  of 
sectional  war;  purged  ourselves  of  chattel  slav- 
ery; bound  indissolubly  together  all  our  citizens 
by  rapid  transportation  and  lightning  message ; 
by  immigration  we  have  made  our  English-speak- 
ing race  bloodkin  to  all  the  peoples  of  earth;  by 
the  ])ub]ic  school  we  have  made  every  dweller  in 
our  land  potential  master  of  all  that  human  ex- 
perience has  accumulated  and  recorded;  we  have 
furnished  a  working  model  to  half  a  hundred  re- 
publics scattered  throughout  the  world,  to  vie 
with  us  in  the  holy  pursuit  of  human  freedom. 
From  a  universal  property — or  religious — quali- 
14 


hcatitm  in  Washington's  clay  which  gave  one 
voLtr  in  forty  of  the  population,  we  have  come 
ti)  wcllnigh  universal  manhood  suffrage  of  one 
in  se^'en.  JMoreover,  sweeping  eastward  from  the 
ever-freer  West,  equal  suft'rage  of  male  and 
female  adults  is  already  the  rule  over  one-third 
of  the  nation's  area. 

From  abject  mediaeval  subjection  of  the 
worker  to  the  tyrannical  whim  of  his  wage 
master,  we  have  now  intelligently  organized  and 
statesmanlv  administered  labor  unions  with 
w^hich  the  more  enlightened  employers  deal  on 
terms  of  mutual  respect  and  growing  recogni- 
tion of  c(|uality  and  justice.  Where  once  men, 
women  and  tender  children  toiled  to  the  limit  of 
endurance  under  unspeakable  conditions  for  a 
starvation  i)ittance ;  statute-guarded  hours,  san- 
itary and  safety  provisions,  voluntary  profit-shar- 
ing, community  improvements  now  rule,  and  suc- 
cessful exijeriments  are  carried  on  in  the  abolition 
o{  ignorance,  disease  and  poverty,  with  insurance 
against  accident  and  old  age  dependence. 

1^'rom  the  voiceless  slavery  of  feudal  vassalage 
we  have  progressed  to  the  primary  election  and 
the   Australian   ballot   which    protect    the   voter 

15 


from  all    coercion   except   thro  his   own   careless 
ignorance. 

From  the  unrestricted  tyranny  of  partizan  ap- 
pointees we  are  coming  more  and  more  to  civil- 
service  examinations,  commission  governments, 
citv  managers,  and  recall  elections.  Instead  of 
unskilled,  corporation-bound  and  often  venal  leg- 
islatures, we  are  using  the  initiative  and  referen- 
dum and  will  probably  soon  install  expert  legis- 
lative connnissions  with  strict  accountability  to 
the  people  to  prepare  our  laws  for  our  approval. 

From  the  old  petty  Congressional  caucus 
which  once  nominated  presidential  candidates  we 
passed  to  national  conventions  of  legal  represen- 
tatives of  the  citizen  voters,  and  by  the  election  of 
1020  we  shall  probably  have  the  direct  presiden- 
tial primary,  as  we  have  recently  taken  over  the 
election  of  the  two  United  States  senators  who 
guard  the  autonomy  of  the  individual  state. 

In  place  of  lobby-guarded  and  money-bought 
laws,  lawless  railroads,  manufacturers  and  land- 
grabbers,  we  have  established  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission.  We  recognize  the  es- 
sential evil  of  tariff's  and  liquor  taxes ;  we  have 
set  aside  great  national  reservations  and  carried 

16 


^^J 


out  vast  irrigation  and  other  reclamation  projects. 
Instead  of  antiquated  and  extortionate  private 
ownersliip  of  puldic  utilities,  we  have  come  to 
see  the  inicputy  of  granting  franchises,  and  in 
spite  <^f  conspiracy,  misrepresentation  and  ob- 
struction, we  now  ([uite  generally  acknowledge 
that  munici])al  ownership  promotes  higher  citi- 
zenship, more  efficient  service,  economy  and 
justice. 

What  of  the   future? 

Prophecy  seldom  brings  credit,  afifection  or 
prosperity  to  the  prophet.  First  of  all  he  must 
show  the  inevitable  tendency  of  present  condi- 
tions, which  entails  condemnation  of  existmg 
evils,  denunciation  of  established  privilege  and 
exposure  of  long  established  graft.  It  goes  with- 
out saying  that  no  unrighteous  system  is  gomg 
to  support  the  man  who  attacks  it. 

To  one  who  has  studied  the  evolution  of  de- 
mocracy, it  is  not  hard  to  predict  the  future  Hne 
of  development.  It  must  be  toward  more  active, 
more  intimate  and  more  intelligent  and  per- 
sonally responsible  participation  by  every  citizen 
in  political  matters,— not  in  office  holding  parti- 
cularly, for  more  and  more  the  official  servant  of 

17 


i^^ 


the  people  will  come  to  be  an  expert  non-partizan 
manager  or  clerk, — but  in  actual  legislation,  in 
steady,  consistent  law-enforcing  by  intelligently 
moral  public  program,  less  and  less  in  "thou  shalt 
nots"  and  penalty. 

As  men  come  more  and  more  to  feel  govern- 
ment as  a  part  of  their  everyday  constructive 
operations  and  lose  the  idea  of  government  as  a 
faraway  coercive  protection  close  akin  to  tyranny, 
there  will  be  less  and  less  tendency  to  break  laws. 
As  men  come  to  see  more  clearly  that  cooperation 
is  the  only  possible  security  of  any  right  or  law- 
ful desire,  they  will  feel  less  and  less  the  inclina- 
tion to  snatch  and  scramble  and  trample  under- 
foot as  they  now  do  for  fear  of  coming  to  want, 
nr  in  the  vain  hope  of  gaining  by  personal  efTort 
that  flexibility  of  living  which  we  all  feel  to  be 
our  innate  right. 

What  are  the  greater  problems  of  the  imme- 
diate future?  Among  many  these  five  seem  to  be 
most  insistently  clamoring  for  solution  : 

I.  The  establishment  of  social  justice  by  in- 
telligent control  of  unemployment,  elimination 
of  profit  in  vice,  minimizing  of  crime  by  humane 
treatment  of  social  victims,  education  out  of  the 
18 


mental  habit  of  lawlessness  by  simplifying-  laws, 
suppression  of  attorneys  and  rationalizing-  court 
procedure. 

II.  Recognition  of  woman's  true  social  func- 
tion and  economic  status.  That  is  to  say,  we 
must  treat  them  as  human  adults  with  equal 
rcs])onsibility,  ecfual  rights.  e(|ual  duties,  regard- 
less of  sex,  all  (|uestio.ns  of  employment  to  be 
decided  as  now  among  men  according  to  the  men- 
tal and  physical  fitness  of  the  individual,  doing 
away  with  the  hypocrisy  and  insult  of  "chivalry,"" 
and  all  that  foolish  patter  of  the  natural  subord- 
ination of  the  female. 

III.  The  protection,  care  and  culture  of  the 
child,  every  child,  as  the  state's  paramount  duty, 
throughout  all  accidental  gradations  of  society, 
with  full  consciousness  that  the  foundling  of  to- 
day may  be  the  people's  highest  servant  of  the 
morrow%  that  as  each  generation  guards  its 
young,  so  will  the  next  fulfill  the  hope  of  the  race. 

I\'.  The  abolition  of  poverty  and  the  slum 
by  that  intelligent  cooperation  which  shall  insure 
to  every  human  being  food  and  warmth  at  least 
as  the  simplest,  cheapest  and  safest  provision  we 
can   make   for  the  jihysical  happiness  of  all,   for 

19 


^ 


^M^ 


the  development  of  individual  genius,  for  the  ele- 
vation of  common  morality  and  emancipation  of 
man  from  the  base  fear  which  lies  at  the  root  of 
all  injustice. 

V.  The  eradication  of  disease  through  scien- 
tific investigation  at  public  expense,  isolation  of 
communicable  plagues,  sterilization  of  degener- 
ates, national  education  in  healthful  living  and 
hygienic  responsibility. 

It  is  a  big  program  when  viewed  pessimistic- 
ally or  selfishly,  but  there  is  nothing  in  it  phy- 
sicallv  impossible,  and  surely  no  expense  or  labor 
would  be  too  great,  now  that  we  see  the  need. 
Less  than  this  no  man  who  loves  his  kind  or 
values  the  happiness  of  his  own  descendants  can. 
without  shame,  approve.  That  it  mtist  come  in 
time  no  one  who  has  studied  the  evolution  of 
democracy  can  doubt.  Why  not  begin  now  to 
win  this  great  and  crowning  triumph  of  man's 
long  climb  upward,  so  as  to  clear  the  way  for  a 
more  glorious  vision  than  any  man  has  yet  be- 
held? 

What  lies  in  the  way?     Let  me  tell  you.     Of 
all  the  dragons  that  bar  the  path  to  progress  and 
human  liberty,  the  most  formidable  is  that  old 
20 


heresy  that  man  is  naturally  bad.  "prone  to  do 
evil  as  the  sparks  are  to  fly  upward,"  unable  to 
choose  and  do  the  risj^ht  without  strong  coercive 
influences  thrown  about  him.  This  ancient  con- 
spiracv  between  king  and  priest  to  hold  man  in 
subjection  has  no  warrant  in  the  history  of  hu- 
man experience  rightly  studied,  and  reason 
shouts  the  contrary  from  every  hilltop  that  marks 
man's  upward  progress  through  the  ages. 

The  one  indomitable  characteristic  of  man  is 
to  rise.  His  path  is  ever  toward  the  higher  re- 
gions of  light  and  truth.  If  it  were  not  so,  he 
would  have  sunk  to  extinction  ages  ago  and  some 
other  form  of  life  would  now  hold  sway  over 
matter. 

No.  The  fledging  eagle  no  more  naturally 
launches  on  bold  pinion  into  the  upper  blue  than 
man  aspires  to  noble  things.  The  wonder  is  that 
so  few  men  have  failed  to  respond  in  some  meas- 
ure, have  fallen  short  of  their  divine  inspiration. 

Let  us  use  our  God-given  powers  in  intelligent 
cooperation  for  the  common  good,  teaching  our 
vouth  true  values  instead  of  false,  and  man's 
ascent  will  be  as  much  more  swift  and  trium- 
])hant  as  the  long  thousands  of  years  heretofore 
21 


have  been  arduous.  Then  will  each  one  choose 
and  follow  an  Object  in  Life  worthy  of  his  son- 
ship  to  God,  the  Father  of  us  all,  and  of  that 
Elder  Brother  who  taught  us  human  Justice,  and 
the  service  of  the  common  good,  which  is  the 
Kingdom  of  God. 


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